• Asia and the Pacific refers to the 49 regional members of the Asian Development Bank. It includes Australia, Japan, and New Zealand, in addition to the 46 developing members.

• Subregional economic groupings are listed below: – Central Asia comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

– East Asia comprises Hong Kong, China; Japan; Mongolia; the People’s Republic of China; the Republic of Korea; and Taipei,China.

– South Asia comprises Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

– Southeast Asia comprises Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor-Leste, and Viet Nam.

– The Pacific comprises the Cook Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu.

– Oceania includes Australia and New Zealand.

Unless otherwise specified, the symbol “$” and the word “dollar” refer to the United States dollars, and percent changes are year-on-year.