Inductive or empirical reasoning is the type of reasoning that moves from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Deductive reasoning is the type of reasoning that moves from axioms to theorems and then applies the predictions of the theory to the specific observations.

The Heckscher-Ohlin (H-O) model of international trade is a general equilibrium model that predicts that patterns of trade and production are based on the relative factor endowments of trading partners. It is a perfect competition model. In its benchmark version it assumes two countries with identical homothetic preferences and constant return to scale technologies (identical across countries) for two goods but different endowments for the two factors of production. The model’s main prediction is that countries will export the good that uses intensively their relatively abundant factor and import the good that does not.

这本书用的归纳推理或经验推理是一种从具体观察到更广泛的概括和理论的推理类型。演绎推理是一种从公理到定理，然后将理论的预测应用于具体观察的推理类型。

国际贸易的Heckscher-Ohlin（H-O）模型是一个一般均衡模型，它预测贸易和生产模式是基于贸易伙伴的相对要素禀赋。这是一个完美的竞争模式。在其基准版本中，假设两个国家对两种商品具有相同的同质偏好和恒定的规模回报技术（各国相同），但两种生产要素的禀赋不同。该模型的主要预测是，各国将出口密集使用其相对丰富的要素的商品，而进口不使用的商品。